CHEMICAL THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY

Chemistry has brought about a medical revolution which resulted in the average life expectancy rising from 47 in 1900 to 75 in the 1990s. The explosive expansion of world’s food supply has been because of development of chemicals that protect crops and enhance growth. In almost every area (food, clothing, shelter, transportation, communication, etc.) chemistry has brought about an improvement in the quality of life of people.

The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), USA, established under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, tracks the release of chemicals by different sectors of industry. Of the top ten industrial sectors tracked by the TRI, the chemical industry releases a greater amount of waste to the environment than the other nine industrial sectors combined.

 CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY

There are various chemicals in the environment, some of which are toxic.These toxic chemicals are released by industries into air, water and soil. They upset the complex system of chemical reactions occurring in the human body. They can cause discomfort, illness, disability or even death. Chemical Toxicology is the science of the study of toxic chemicals and their modes of action.

Toxic Chemicals in Air Some of the extremely hazardous substances in the atmosphere are acrylonitrile, arsenic, asbestos, benzene, beryllium, cadmium, chlorinated solvents, chlorofluorocarbons, chromates, coke oven emissions, ethylene dibromide, ethylene oxide, lead, mercury, ozone, sulphur dioxide, vinyl chloride and toxic waste disposal emissions.  Toxic Chemicals in Water ,The toxic elements found in natural and waste waters are arsenic, cadmium, beryllium, boron, chromium, copper, fluorine, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, selenium and zinc. The water bodies contain pesticides, mainly from the drainage of agricultural land.

Effect of Toxic Chemicals on Enzymes

Toxic chemicals attack enzymes, inhibiting their essential function. Heavy metal ions like Hg2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ act as effective enzyme inhibitors.

Classification of Toxic Substances

1. Corrosive Poisons Corrosive poisons are toxic substances which destroy tissues, e.g., strong acids and alkalies, and many oxidants which can destroy tissues. Concentrated mineral acids such as sulphuric acid and bases like sodium hydroxide attack cellular structures. The cell dies because the proteins are hydrolysed by the acid or the base

2. Metabolic Poisons Metabolic poisons cause illness or death by interfering with a vital biochemical mechanism to such an extent that it ceases to function or does not function efficiently.

3. Neurotoxins Some metabolic poisons limit their action to the nervous system. These include poisons such as strychnine and curare. Neurotoxins act at the point where two nerve fibres come together (called a synapse).

Neurotoxins such as atropine and curare occupy the receptor sites on nerve endings of organs that are normally occupied by the impulse carrying acetylcholine. When atropine or curare occupies the receptor site, no stimulus is transmitted to the organ. Neurotoxins of this type are useful in medicines. For example, atropine is used to dilate the pupil of the eye to facilitate examination of its interior. When applied to the skin, atropine salts relieve pain by deactivating sensory nerve endings on the skin. Curare is used as a muscle relaxant. Nicotine is a natural compound that blocks receptor sites as is done by atropine and curare. This powerful poison causes stimulation and then depression of the central nervous system. Nicotine is present in tobacco and insecticides

4. Mutagens Mutagens are chemicals that can change the genes and chromosomes (hereditary pattern) to cause abnormalities in the offspring. They alter the structures of DNA and RNA, which compose the genes that transmit the traits of parent to offspring. Nitrous acid is a potent mutagen in bacteria, viruses, moulds and other organisms. It reacts with nitrogenous bases of DNA to produce new compounds. The result is an alteration in the genetic coding of DNA, so that a different protein is formed. Sodium nitrite is used as a preservative, colour enhancer or colour fixative in meat and fish products. Sodium nitrite is converted to nitrous acid by hydrochloric acid in the human stomach. Some examples of mutagens: Aflatoxin (from mould), Benzo (α) pyrene (from cigarette and coal smoke), Caffeine, Captan (a fungicide), Chloroprene, Dimethyl sulphate (used for methylation), LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), Maleic hydrazide (plant growth inhibitor), Mustard gas (dichlorodiethyl sulphide), Ozone, solvents in glue (like toluene, acetone, cyclohexane, hexane and ethyl acetate), and TEM (triethylene melamine, an anticancer drug).

5. Teratogens The chemicals which affect reproduction are called teratogens. The study of birth defects produced by chemical agents is called Teratology. There are three known classes of teratogens: radiation, viral agents and chemical substances. Any chemical that can cross the placenta is a potential teratogen. Smoking a cigarette results in higher-than-normal blood levels of such substances as carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, cadmium, nicotine and benzo (α) pyrene. Many of these substances are present in polluted air as well. Other examples of teratogens: Arsenic, Cobalt, Gallium, Lead, Lithium, Mercury,Thallium, Zinc, Caffeine, DES (diethyl stilbestrol) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls).

6. Carcinogens Carcinogens are chemicals that cause cancer in animals and humans. An abnormal growth is classified as cancerous or malignant when examination shows it is invading neighbouring tissue. A growth is said to be benign if it is localised at its original site. Some compounds cause cancer at the point of contact. Other compounds cause cancer in an area remote from the point of contact. The liver, the site at which most toxic chemicals are removed from the blood, is particularly susceptible to such compounds.

7. Hallucinogens Hallucinogens can produce temporary changes in perception, thought and mood. They destroy one’s sense of judgement. LSD has been linked with birth defects.

8. Alcohols Methyl alcohol is highly poisonous and is a cumulative poison in human beings. It has a toxic effect on the optic nerve and large doses can cause blindness. In the body, it gets oxidised first to formaldehyde and then to formic acid, which is eliminated in the urine. The toxic effect on the optic nerve is caused by the oxidative products.

 Ecosystems

A community and its physical environment is called its Ecosystem. An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the non-living (abiotic), physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight.

What is an eco system?

Ecosystem is an open system with inputs, internal transfers and outputs of energy and nutrients. Sunlight is the initial energy source for nearly all ecosystems. 

Types of Ecosystem

The different types of ecosystems are

(i) Natural Ecosystem

(a) Terrestrial ecosystem

(b) Aquatic ecosystem

(c) Lentic (lake, pond or swamp)

(d) Lotic (river, stream or spring)

(ii) Artificial Ecosystems

ecological community

The species that live and interact in an area constitute an ecological community. Ecological communities are loose assemblages of organisms.

The organisms in a community can be divided into trophic levels (the position of an organism in food chain) based on the source of their energy.

Primary producers get their energy from sunlight. Herbivores that get their energy by eating primary producers are primary consumers; organisms that get their energy by eating herbivores are secondary consumers; and so on.

 A sequence of interactions in which a plant is eaten by a herbivore, which in turn eaten by a secondary consumer, and so on, is known as food chain. Food chains are usually interconnected to make a food web because most species  in a community eat and are eaten by more than one species. Most communities have three to five trophic levels. 

Energy and biomass decreases as it flows from lower to higher trophic levels and thus can be represented in the form of pyramid. Most of the energy ingested by organisms that is converted to biomass is eventually consumed by decomposers.

Ecological pyramids An important feature of energy flow is that most of the energy going from one trophic level to the next, in a food chain and food web, dissipates into the environment as a result of the second law of thermodynamics. Ecological pyramids often graphically represent the relative energy values of each trophic level. There are three main types of pyramids— a pyramid of numbers, a pyramid of biomass and a pyramid of energy.

Ecosystem productivity The gross primary productivity (GPP) of an ecosystem is the rate at which energy is captured during photosynthesis in a given period of time. In addition, a plant respires to provide energy for its own use; this acts as a drain on photosynthesis. Energy in plant tissues after cellular respiration has occurred is net primary productivity (NPP). 

Both GPP and NPP are expressed as energy per unit area per unit time. Humans consume (32%) far more of earth’s resources than any other of animal species. If we want our planet to operate sustainably, we must share terrestrial photosynthetic product with other organisms.

In environments that show variations in salinity, temperature and other environmental conditions, food webs tend to have short chains. In stable environments, such as parts of the deep ocean, food chains are longer. In addition to energy inputs, primary productivity and ecosystem structure require a cycling of nutrients. Water and minerals move slowly through the physical environment, rapidly through organisms, and back to the environment in biogeochemical cycles. 

Water moves through a hydrological cycle. In land ecosystems, plants stabilise soil and minimise nutrient loss during the cycle as runoff. In atmospheric cycles, a nutrient prevails mainly in gaseous form (such as carbon, in carbon dioxide). 

In the carbon cycle, carbon dioxide is the main gas in the atmosphere. The ocean is carbon’s main reservoir. Burning of fossil fuels, logging and conversion of natural ecosystems for farming disrupt the global carbon budget and may be responsible for global warming.

Nitrogen is a limiting factor in the total net productivity of ecosystem on land. Gaseous nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere. Nitrogen–fixing bacteria convert N2 to ammonia and nitrates, which producers take up.

Mycorrhizae and root nodules, two symbiotic interactions, enhance the nitrogen uptake. Sedimentary cycles interact with the hydrological cycle to move mineral nutrients to and from ecosystems.

Certain human activities are depleting minerals from ecosystems, as when weathered soil of tropical forests is cleared for agriculture.

Some human activities are accelerating the process of eutrophication. They are adding nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates to aquatic ecosystems.

This promotes growth and decay of destructive algal blooms. The decomposition of these plants leads to the depletion of oxygen in the water, which threatens fish and other animal populations.

ECOLOGY

Ecology is the scientific study of the rich and varied interactions between organisms and their abiotic environment. In ecological studies, the environment encompasses both abiotic (such as water, mineral nutrients,light, temperature) and biotic factors (living organism).  

Interactions between organisms and their environment is a two way process in which organisms influence and are influenced by their environment. There are many reasons to care about ecology. Our lives are enriched by the fascinating interactions between the organisms. 

Watching a butterfly visiting a flower and bringing about pollination is worth seeing. Beyond simple curiosity, information from ecological sciences is needed to solve many practical problems. An understanding of ecology allows us to grow food, control pests and diseases and deal with natural disasters such as flood, drought and earthquake.

BRANCHES OF ECOLOGY

Ecology and Evolution

1. Ecology and Evolution

Ecology and evolution are considered sister disciplines of the life sciences.Natural selection, life history, development, adaptation, populations and inheritance are examples of concepts that correlate equally in to ecological and evolutionary theory.

(a) Behavioural Ecology 

This is the study of animal behavior in the natural environment, also known as ethology. Behavioural ecology also deals with ecological and evolutionary changes, because of the interactions among the organisms. 

Adaptation is the central unifying concept in behavioural ecology.The behaviours evolve and become adapted to the ecosystem because they are subject to the forces of natural selection. 

Consider the edible beetles that direct sprays of poisonous chemicals at their attacker. Predator-prey interactions are an introductory concept in behavioral ecology.

(b) Social Ecology 

This is concerned with the relationships between organisms and their environment. Social ecological behaviours are notable in the social insects, slime molds, social spiders and human society. Individuals that belong to a social group have to face competition for food, mates and other limited resources. They face diseases and parasitic infections. 

A special kind of behavior exists between many groups known as altruism (Behavior that harms the individual who performs it but benefits other individuals).Parenting is also altruism, where the children are benefited. Altruism is extreme among some insect societies, such as honeybee and termite colonies.Groups that are predominantly altruists beat groups that are predominantly selfish.

(c) Co-evolution 

Populations of the other species are part of any organism’s environment. The population having prey-predator interactions exert pressure on each other. If prey evolves, the predator counter develops mechanisms to catch the prey. 

This is the basis of co-evolution in populations. There are many examples where interacting organisms evolve together e.g., Lithops (flowering stone) growing in the open area develop stone like pattern and color to hide from herbivores.

(d) Bio-geography 

This is the comparative study of the geographic distribution of organisms and the corresponding evolution of their traits in space and time. Bio-geographical processes that result in the natural splittingof species explain modern distribution of the earth’s biota (flora and fauna).

2. Molecular Ecology

Molecular ecology is a relatively new field where the important relationship between ecology and genetic inheritance is analysed using modern techniques of molecular analysis. 

Molecular ecological research became more feasible with the development of rapid and accessible genetic technologies, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA of different organisms is compared and their evolutionary relationships are analysed.

3. Human Ecology

Human ecology is the interdisciplinary investigation into the ecology of our species. It is the discipline that inquires into the patterns and process of interaction of humans with their environment. It studies human values, life styles, resource use, waste etc. The human species is not an external disturbance. It is the keystone species within the system.

4. Landscape Ecology

Landscape ecology is a sub discipline of ecology that studies ecological  processes that operate over large areas. A landscape ecologist examines the connections among ecosystem found in a particular region.

THE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM

The different levels of biological organisation include:

The characteristics of molecules and their organization in a cell up to speciation are discussed in the biology section. This chapter includes interaction at population and the levels above it.

Population Ecology

Population is a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area at the same time. Certain principles govern the growth and sustainability of populations over time. Ecological interactions start within and between populations.

Each population has its own gene pool and range of traits. It also has a characteristic size, density, distribution pattern and age structure.Environmental conditions and species interactions influence thesecharacteristics. Population size is generally an outcome of births, deaths, immigration and emigration. As long as the per capita birth rate remains evenslightly above per capita death rate, a population can grow exponentially.

Resources in short supply put limits on the growth of population. The maximum number of individuals of a population that can be sustained indefinitely by the resources in a given environment is referred as carrying capacity. The number may rise or fall with changes in resource availability.

The size of a low-density population may increase gradually; go through a rapid growth phase, then levels off once the carrying capacity for the population is reached. The limiting factors vary in their relative effects and vary over time, so, population size also changes over time. Limiting factor such as competition for resources, disease and predation are densitydependent.

Density-independent factors, such as weather on the rampage,tend to increase the death rate or decrease the birth rate more or less independently of population density.

Community Ecology

Community is a natural association that consists of all populations of different species that live and interact within an area at the same time. These interactions in turn influence the structure of communities.The many ways in which organisms interact with one another are as following:

Symbiosis 

Any intimate relationship or association between members of two or more species. Symbiosis is the result of co-evolution. Flowering plants and their pollinators have a symbiotic relationship.

Parasitism: 

Interactions in which one organism is harmed, but the other is benefited. A parasite may weaken its host; it rarely kills its host. More than 100 parasites live in or on the human species. When it causes a disease and sometimes the death of host, it is known as pathogen.Crown gall disease, caused by a bacterium, occurs in many plants.

Mutualism: 

Interactions in which both participants are benefited. The interdependent association between nitrogen fixing bacteria of the genus Rhizobium and legume, is an example. Another example is the association between reef building coral animals and microscopic algae.The symbiotic alga is called zooxanthellae. Mycorrhizae is such an association between fungi and roots of 80% plants.

Commensalism: 

Interactions in which one participant benefits but the other is unaffected, e.g., relationship between two insects; silverfish and army ants, relationship between a tropical tree and many epiphytes, smaller plants, such as mosses, orchids and ferns that live attached to the bark of the tree’s branches. The epiphytes anchor itself to the tree to obtain adequate light and water and not for obtaining nutrients from the tree.

 Important Scientific Laws and Theories

Archimedes’ Principle

1. Archimedes’ Principle: It states that a body wholly or partially immersed in a liquid experiences an upward thrust, which is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it. Thus, the body appears to lose a part of its weight. This loss in weight is equal to the weight of the liquid  displaced by the body.

 Aufbau Principle

2. Aufbau Principle: It states that, in an unexcited atom, electrons reside in the lowest energy orbitals available to them.

Avogadro’s Law

3. Avogadro’s Law: It states that equal volumes of all gases under similar conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.

 Brownian Motion

4. Brownian Motion: It is a zigzag, irregular motion exhibited by small solid particles when suspended in a liquid or gas due to irregular bombardment by the liquid or gas molecules.

Bernoulli’s Principle

5. Bernoulli’s Principle: It states that as the speed of a moving fluid,liquid, or gas increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases. The aerodynamic lift on the wing of an aeroplane is also explained in part by this principle.

Boyle’s Law

6. Boyle’s Law: It states that temperature remaining constant, volume of a given mass of a gas varies inversely with the pressure of the gas.

Thus, PV = K (constant), where, P = Pressure and V = Volume.

Charles’s Law

7. Charles’s Law: It states that pressure remaining constant, the volume of a given mass of gas increases or decreases by 1/273 part of its volume at 0 degree celsius for each degree celsius rise or fall of its temperature.

Coulomb’s Law

8. Coulomb’s Law: It states that force of attraction or repulsion between two charges is proportional to the amount of charge on both charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Heisenberg Principle (Uncertainty principle)

9. Heisenberg Principle (Uncertainty principle): It is impossible to accurately determine with accuracy, both the position and the momentum of a particle such as electron simultaneously.

Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes

10. Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes: Gases react together in volumes which bear simple whole number ratios to one another and also to the volumes of the products, if gaseous—all the volumes being measured under similar conditions of temperature and pressure.

Graham’s Law of Diffusion

11. Graham’s Law of Diffusion: It states that the rates of diffusion of gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their densities under similar conditions of temperature and pressure.

Physical Quantity |Science in Everyday Life

Physical Quantity

❖❖ It is the physical property of a body, substance, or of a phenomenon, that can be quantified by measurement.

Measurement of a Physical Quantity

❖❖ It is done by assigning a value to a physical quantity by comparing itwith a standard value (calibrated value) of that physical quantity whichis called unit.

❖❖ To know the value (or magnitude) of a physical quantity, we generally measure it in different systems of units.

System Units

❖❖ Physical quantities are measured in four systems of units:

●● CGS (Centimetre, Gram, Second): In this system of units, Length,

Mass, and Time are measured in Centimetre, Gram, and Second,

respectively. CGS system is also called the Metric or French System

of Units.

●● FPS (Foot, Pound, Second): In this system of units, Length, Mass, and

Time are measured in Foot, Pound, and Second. FPS system is also

called British System of Units.

●● MKS (Metre, Kilogram, Second): In this system of units, Length,

Mass, and Time are measured in Metre, Kilogram, and Second.

●● SI system (International System of Units) of units was adopted and

accepted on the basis of a comprehensive consensus. In fact, the

SI system is an extended and modified form of the MKS system.

Fundamental Quantities in SI System

S. No. Fundamental Quantity Fundamental unit Symbol

1. Length Metre m

2. Mass Kilogram kg

3. Time Second s

4. Electric current Ampere A

5. Temperature Kelvin K

Unit of Length

❖❖ The SI unit of length is metre (m). One metre is the distance travelled by

light in vacuum in 1 /299792458 of a second.

Facts to Know!

❖❖ A vector is a quantity that has magnitude as well as direction, e.g., force, position, etc.

❖❖ A scalar quantity has only magnitude and no direction, e.g., temperature,

mass, etc.

Other Units of Length

❖❖ Light year: The distance travelled by light in one year in vacuum.

1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 m

❖❖ Parsec (Parallactic Second): The distance at which an arc of length equals

to one astronomical unit subtends an angle of one second at a point.

Units of Length or Distance

1 Nautical Mile 1.825 km

1 Mile 1.609 km

1 km 1000 m

1 cm 10–2 m

1 mm 10–3 m

1 mm 10–6 m

1 Nano metre 10–9 m

1 Å 10–10 m

1 pico metre 10–12 m

1 Fermi metre 10–15 m

❖❖ Area is related with square of length; some units of area are:

●● 1 acre = 4047 m2

●● 1 hectare = 104 m2

❖❖ Volume is related with cube of length; some units of volume are:

●● 1 cubic centimetre (cm3) = 1 millilitre (mL)

●● 1 Gallon = 3.7 Litre

●● 1 barrel = 159 Litre

Unit of Mass

❖❖ The SI unit of mass is kilogram. One kilogram is defined as the mass of

5.0188 × 1025 atoms of carbon-12.

Other Units of Mass

❖❖ 1 gram = 10–3 kg

❖❖ 1 ounce-oz = 28.35 gram

❖❖ 1 milligram = 10–6 kg

❖❖ 1 atomic mass unit (amu) = 1.66 × 10–27 kg

❖❖ 1 quintal = 100 kg

❖❖ 1 tonne or metric ton = 1000 kg

❖❖ 1 Chandra Sekhar Limit (CSL) = 1.4 times the mass of sun = 2.8 × 1030 kg

Unit of Time

❖❖ The SI unit of time is second. One second is defined as 1/86400 part of a mean solar day.

Other Units of Time

❖❖ 1 picosecond =10–12 s

❖❖ 1 nanosecond = 10–9 s

❖❖ 1 microsecond = 10–6 s

❖❖ 1 hour = 60 minute = 3600 seconds

❖❖ 1 day = 24 hours = 1440 minute = 86400 seconds

❖❖ 1 solar month = 30 or 31 days

❖❖ 1 lunar month = 29.5 days or 4 weeks

❖❖ 1 year = 13 lunar months and 1 day = 12 solar months = 365.25 days

❖❖ 1 leap year = 366 days

Indian Measurement System

1. System in the Ancient Period: 8 Parmanus = 1 Rajahkan (dust particle

from the wheel of a chariot)

8 Rajahkans = 1 Liksha (egg of lice)

8 Likshas = 1 Yookamadhya

8 Yookamadhyas = 1 Yavamadhya

8 Yavamadhyas = 1 Angul

8 Anguls = 1 Dhanurmushti

2. System in the Medieval Period: Gaz was divided into 24 equal parts, and

each part was called Tassuj.

Motion, Force, and Laws of Motion

❖❖ The change of position or the movement of any object from one position to another position with respect to the observer is called Motion. It can be described in terms of the distance moved or displacement.

❖❖ Motion of any body is defined by its position with respect to its observer.

❖❖ Distance is the actual path travelled by the object from its initial point to

final point, and it is a scalar quantity.

❖❖ Displacement is the shortest straight line path between initial and final positions. If the initial and final positions are the same, then the displacement is zero.

❖❖ Distance depends upon path but displacement does not.

❖❖ Distance is greater than or equal to displacement; they are equal only

when in straight line motion, without taking a U-turn.

❖❖ The SI Unit of both distance and displacement is Metre (m).

Uniform and Non-uniform Motions

❖❖ Uniform motion is the motion in which equal distance is covered in equal

time intervals.

❖❖ Non-uniform motion on the other hand is one in which an unequal distance is covered in equal intervals of time.

Speed and Velocity

❖❖ Speed is the distance travelled by an object per unit of time.

Speed = Distance travelled/Time taken

❖❖ Average speed, the ratio of total distance travelled to the total time taken by the body to cover it, is known as the average speed.

Average speed = Total distance travelled/Total time taken

❖❖ Instantaneous Speed is the speed of the object at a particular moment in time.

❖❖ Velocity is the displacement of the body per unit time.

Velocity = Displacement of object/Time taken

❖❖ Average Velocity: the ratio of the total displacement to the total time taken by the body is the average velocity.

Average Velocity = Total Displacement/Total time taken

❖❖ Instantaneous Velocity is the velocity of an object in motion at a particular point in time.

❖❖ Speed is a scalar quantity, and its SI unit is metre/ sec, while on the other hand, velocity is a vector

quantity, and its SI unit is metre/sec.

Acceleration

❖❖ Acceleration is the measure of change of velocity with respect to time. It is also called the rate of change of velocity.

Acceleration = (Final velocity – Initial velocity)/Total time taken

❖❖ SI unit of acceleration is metre/sec2. It is a vector quantity.

❖❖ Acceleration has the same direction as velocity if the velocity increases.

Whereas it has opposite direction as velocity if velocity decreases, and in this case, the acceleration is negative. Negative acceleration is also known as Retardation or De-acceleration.

Uniform and Non-uniform Acceleration

❖❖ When the velocity of a body changes by equal amounts in equal time intervals, the acceleration is said to be uniform.

❖❖ When the velocity of a body changes by unequal amounts in equal time intervals, the acceleration is said to be non-uniform.

❖❖ Velocity has both magnitude and direction while speed has only magnitude and no direction.

Velocity has the same direction as displacement.

❖❖ Average speed is always greater than the average velocity except in the case of straight line motion without a U-turn, where both are equal.

❖❖ When a body returns to its initial position, the average velocity will be zero but the average speed will not be zero.

❖❖ When the direction of motion changes, the velocity also changes.

 [Set 2] Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change MCQs | RRB JE, ALP, NTPC Environment Previous Questions

41. The concept of ‘carbon credit’ originated from which one of the following?

[Jharkhand PCS (Pre) 2011]

(A) Kyoto Protocol

(B) Earth Summit

(C) Montreal Protocol

(D) G-8 Summit

42. Bio-Carbon Fund Initiative for

Sustainable Forest Landscapes is

managed by the [IAS (Pre) 2015]

(A) Asian Development Bank

(B) International Monetary Fund

(C) United Nations Environment

Programme

(D) World Bank

43. Which of the following is not

related to the astronomical theories

of climate change?

[UPPCS (Pre)(Re. Exam) 2015]

(A) Eccentricity of earth’s orbit

(B) Obliquity of earth’s rotational

axis

(C) Precession of Equinoxes

(D) Solar irradiance

44. Who had suggested that shifting

Earth on its axis is one of the

factors, responsible for the climatic

change? [UPPCS (Mains) 2015]

(A) Robert Hooke

(B) Milutin Milan Kolich

(C) George Simpson

(D) T.C. Chamberlain

45. Which one of the following provides

the cryogenic indicator of climate

change?

[UPPCS (Pre)(Re. Exam) 2015]

(A) Ice core

(B) Fossilized pollen

(C) Tree ring growth

(D) Evaporite Deposit

46. India’s first National Action Plan on

climate change was released in

[UPPCS (Pre) 2016]

(A) 2008 AD (B) 2012 AD

(C) 2014 AD (D) 2015 AD

47. Which of the following is not listed

under eight action of climate action

plan of Government of India?

[UP UDA/LDA (Spl)(Mains) 2010]

(A) Solar Energy

(B) Atomic Energy

(C) Waste Energy Conversion

(D) Afforestation

48. Which one of the following is not

included in Eight Missions under

India’s National Action Plan on

Climate Change?

[UPPCS (Mains) 2016]

(A) Solar Power

(B) Afforestation

(C) Nuclear power

(D) Waste to energy conversion

49. When was Jharkhand Action Plan

on Climate Change published?

[Jharkhand PCS (Pre) 2016]

(A) 2013 (B) 2014

(C) 2015 (D) 2011

50. According to Jharkhand Action

Plan on Climate Change Report

(2014) which is the most sensitive

District? [Jharkhand PCS (Pre) 2016]

(A) E. Singhbhum

(B) Saraikela Kharaswan

(C) Ranchi

(D) Bokaro

51. Scientists of Manchester University

recently suggested controlling

global warming by cloud

brightening over Pacific ocean

through geo-engineering. Which of

the following substances is used for

this? [UPPCS (Mains) 2009]

(A) Silver salt (B) Iron powder

(C) Sea water (D) Gypsum

52. Which of the following statements

is incorrect for ‘Green Climate

Fund’ (GCF)? [UPPCS (Mains) 2013]

(A) It was established in the Durban

Conference on Climate change

(B) It would support programs and

policies in developing nations

(C) The developed nations would

provide the fund

(D) The fund will start operating

from 2014

53. Which one of the following

countries is the first country in the

world to propose a carbon tax for its

people to address global warming?

[IAS (Pre) 2006]

(A) Australia (B) Germany

(C) Japan (D) New Zealand

54. Which of the following represents

the average increase in earth’s

temperature during the last

century? [Mizoram PSC (Pre) 2019

UPPCS (Pre) 2012]

(A) 0.6ºC (B) 0.7ºC

(C) 0.8ºC (D) 0.9ºC

55. The United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change

(UNFCCC) is an international

treaty drawn at [IAS (Pre) 2010]

(A) United Nations Conference

on the Human Environment,

Stockholm, 1972

(B) UN Conference on Environment

and Development, Rio-de-

Janeiro, 1992

(C) World Summit on Sustainable

Development, Johannesburg,

2002

(D) UN Climate Change Conference,

Copenhagen, 2009

56. Consider the following statements.

1. Kyoto Protocol came into force

in the year 2005.

2. Kyoto Protocol primarily

deals with reducing overall

greenhouse emissions.

3. Carbon dioxide is five times

more effective as a greenhouse

gas than methane.

Which of the above statements is/

are correct? [RAS/RTS (Pre) 2013]

(A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3

(C) Only 1 (D) Only 3

57. With reference to the Agreement

at the UNFCCC meeting in Paris

in 2015, which of the following

statements is/are correct?

1. The Agreement was signed by

all the member countries of the

UN and it will go into effect in

2017.

2. The Agreement aims to limit

the greenhouse gas emissions

so that the rise in average global

temperature by the end of

this century does not exceed

2ºC or 1.5ºC above pre-industrial

levels.

3. Developed countries acknowledged

their historical responsibility

in global warming and

committed to donate $ 1000

billion a year from 2020 to help

developing countries to cope

with climate change.

Select the correct answer using the

code given below. [IAS (Pre) 2016]

(A) Only 1 and 3

(B) Only 2

(C) Only 2 and 3

(D) 1, 2 and 3

58. Consider the following statements.

1. Clean Development Mechanism

(CDM) is respect of carbon

credits in one of the Kyoto

Protocol Mechanisms.

2. Under the CDM, the projects

handled pertain only to the

Annex-I countries.

Which of the statements given

above is/are correct?

[IAS (Pre) 2008]

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(C) Both 1 and 2

(D) Neither 1 nor 2

59. Consider the following pairs.

Term sometimes Their

seen in the news origin

1. Annex-I - Cartagena

Countries Protocol

2. Certified - Nagoya

Emission Protocol

Reductions

3. Clean - Kyoto

Development Protocol

Mechanism

Which of the pairs given above is/

are correctly matched?

[IAS (Pre) 2016]

(A) Only 1 and 2 (B) Only 2 and 3

(C) Only 3 (D) 1, 2 and 3

60. In the context of mitigating the

impending global warming due to

anthropogenic emissions of carbon

dioxide, which of the following can

be the potential sites for carbon

sequestration?

1. Abandoned and uneconomic

coal seams

2. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs

3. Subterranean deep saline

formations

Select the correct answer using the

code given below. [IAS (Pre) 2017]

(A) Only 1 and 2

(B) Only 3

(C) Only 1 and 3

(D) 1, 2 and 3

61. Consider the following statements.

1. Climate and Clean Air Coalition

(CCAC) to Reduce Short Lived

Climate Pollutants is a unique

initiative of G20 group of

countries.

2. The CCAC focuses on methane

black carbon and hydrofluoro

carbons.

Which of the statements given

above is/are correct?

[IAS (Pre) 2017]

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(C) Both 1 and 2

(D) Neither 1 nor 2

62. Concerning ‘Forest Carbon Partnership

Facility’, which of the following

statements is/are correct?

1. It is global partnership of

Governments, businesses, civil

society and indigenous people.

2. It provides financial aid

to universities, individual

scientists and institutions

involved in scientific forestry

research to develop ecofriendly

and climate adaptation

technologies for sustainable

forest management.

3. It assists the countries in their

‘REDD + (Reducing Emission

from Deforestation and Forest

Degradation+)’ efforts by

providing them with financial

and technical assistance.

Select the correct answer using the

code given below. [IAS (Pre) 2015]

(A) Only 1 (B) Only 2 and 3

(C) Only 1 and 3 (D) 1, 2 and 3

63. The scientific view is that the

increase in global temperature

should not exceed 2ºC above the

pre-industrial level. If the global

temperature increases beyond 3ºC

above the pre-industrial level, what

can be its possible impact/impacts

on the world?

1. Terrestrial biosphere tends

towards a net carbon source.

2. Widespread coral mortality will

occur.

3. All the global wetlands will

permanently disappear.

4. Cultivation of cereals will not

be possible anywhere in the

world.

Select the correct answer using the

code given below. [IAS (Pre) 2014]

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 1 and 2

(C) Only 2, 3 and 4

(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

64. Human activities in the recent

past have caused the increased

concentration of carbon dioxide in

the atmosphere, but a lot of it does

not remain in the lower atmosphere

because of

1. Its escape into the outer

stratosphere.

2. The photosynthesis by phytoplankton

in the oceans.

3. The trapping of air in the polar

ice caps.

Which of the statements given

above is/are correct?

[Tamil Nadu PSC (Pre) 2016

IAS (Pre) 2011]

(A) 1 and 2 (B) Only 2

(C) 2 and 3 (D) Only 3

65. What would happen if phytoplanton

of an ocean is completely destroyed

for some reason?

1. The ocean as a carbon sink

would be adversely affected.

2. The fond chains in the ocean

would be adversely affected.

3. The density of ocean water

would drastically decrease.

Select the correct answer using the

code given below. [IAS (Pre) 2012]

(A) 1 and 2 (B) Only 2

(C) Only 3 (D) 1, 2 and 3

66. Which of the following are the

primary causes of climate change?

1. Excessive burning of fossil fuels

2. Exploding numbers of automobiles

driven by oil

3. Increasing solar flares

4. Heavy deforestation

Select the correct answer using the

code given below.

[UPPCS (Pre) 2017]

(A) Only 2 and 3

(B) Only 1, 2 and 4

(C) 1, 2, 3 and 4

(D) Only 1 and 4

67. With reference to ‘Global Climate

Change Alliance’, which of the

following statements is/are correct?

1. It is an initiative of the

European Union.

2. It provides technical and

financial support to targeted

developing countries to

integrate climate change into

their development policies and

budgets.

3. It is coordinated by World

Resources Institute (WRI)

and World Business Council

for Sustainable Development

(WBCSD).

Select the correct answer using the

code given below. [IAS (Pre) 2017]

(A) Only 1 and 2

(B) Only 3

(C) Only 2 and 3

(D) 1, 2 and 3

68. Which of the following statements

regarding global warming are

correct? [Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2002]

1. Melting of polar ice caps and

subsequent rise in the sea level

is the most important effect of

global warming.

2. The sea level is likely to rise by

one metre by 2070 AD if the

present level of global warming

is not controlled.

3. All the coral islands in the

world will be submerged.

4. By 2044 AD, Fiji is likely to

submerged and the rise in the

sea level by the same year will

pose a grave danger to the

Netherlands.

Code

(A) 1, 2, 3 and 4

(B) 1, 2 and 3

(C) 1, 3 and 4

(D) Only 4

69. Consider the following agricultural

practices.

1. Contour bunding

2. Relay cropping

3. Zero tillage

In the context of global climate

change, which of the above help/

helps in carbon sequestration/

storage in the soil?

[IAS (Pre) 2012]

(A) 1 and 2

(B) Only 3

(C) 1, 2 and 3

(D) None of the above

70. Which of the following statements

regarding ‘Green Climate Fund’ is/

are correct?

1. It is intended to assist the developing

countries in adaptation

and mitigation practices to

counter climate change.

2. It is founded under the

aegis of UNEP, OECD, Asian

Development Bank and World

Bank.

Select the correct answer using the

code given below. [IAS (Pre) 2015]

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(C) Both 1 and 2

(D) Neither 1 nor 2

71. Due to their extensive rice

cultivation, some regions may be

contributing to global warming.

To what possible reason/reasons is

this attributable?

1. The anaerobic conditions

associated with rice cultivation

cause the emission of methane.

2. When nitrogen based fertilizers

are used, nitrous oxide is emitted

from the cultivated soil.

Which of the statements given

above is/are correct?

[Tamil Nadu PSC (Pre) 2018

IAS (Pre) 2010]

(A) Only 1

(B) Only 2

(C) Both 1 and 2

(D) Neither 1 nor 2

72. Which of the following statements

are true regarding the members of

the Asia Pacific Partnership?

1. Their population account to

45% of the world’s population.

2. They consume the world’s 48%

of energy.

3. They contribute nearly 48% of

the world’s greenhouse gases.

4. They intend to support the

Kyoto Protocol.

Select the correct answer from the

code given below.

[UPPCS (Mains) 2005]

(A) Only 1 and 2

(B) Only 1, 2 and 3

(C) Only 2, 3 and 4

(D) All of the above

73. Consider the following statements.

1. Kyoto Protocol came into force

in the year 2005.

2. Kyoto Protocol deals primarily

with the depletion of the ozone

layer.

3. Methane as a greenhouse gas

is more harmful than carbon

dioxide.

Which of the statements given

above is/are correct?

[IAS (Pre) 2005]

(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3

(C) Only 1 (D) Only 3

74. Which one of the following is not

correctly matched?

[UPPCS (Pre) 2017]

Greenhouse Gas Source

(A) Carbon dioxide - Thermal

Power

Stations

(B) Chlorofluoro - Automobile

carbon

(C) Nitrous Oxide - Waterlogged

Paddy fields

(D) Sulphur - Brick Kilns

dioxide

75. As a result of global warming, there

has been

1. Better global communication

2. Melting of glaciers

3. Flowering of mango trees

before times

4. Adverse impact on health

Select your answer from the code

given below. [UPPCS (Pre) 2003

UP UDA/LDA (Pre) 2002

UPPCS (Pre) 2001]

(A) 1, 2 and 3 are correct

(B) 2, 3 and 4 are correct

(C) 1, 2 and 4 are correct

(D) 1, 3 and 4 are correct

76. Which of the following conditions

indicate the impact of global

warming?

1. Melting of glaciers

2. Rise in sea level

3. Changes in weather conditions

4. Rise in global temperature

Select the correct answer from the

code given below. [IAS (Pre) 2009]

Code

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 1, 2 and 3

(C) 2, 3 and 4

(D) All of the above

77. Consider the following.

1. Rice fields

2. Coal mining

3. Domestic animals

4. Wetlands

Which of the above is a source of

methane, a major greenhouse gas?

[IAS (Pre) 2008]

(A) 1 and 4 (B) 2 and 3

(C) 1, 2 and 3 (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

78. Consider the following statements

regarding ‘Earth Hour’.

1. It is an intiative of UNEP and

UNESCO.

2. It is a movement in which the

participants switch off the

lights for one hour on a certain

day every year.

3. It is a movement to raise the

awareness about the climate

change and the need to save the

planet.

Which of the statements given

above is/are correct?

[IAS (Pre) 2014]

(A) Only 1 and 3

(B) Only 2

(C) Only 2 and 3

(D) 1, 2 and 3

79. Given below are two statements.

Assertion (A): Climate change is

leading to increase in social tension

in India.

Reason (R): The frequency

and intensity of the extreme

weather events will have serious

repercussions on food security.

Choose the correct answer from the

code given below.

[Tripura PSC (Pre) 2018

UPPCS (Pre) 2017]

Code

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and

(R) is the correct reason of (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but

(R) is not the correct reason of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

41. (A) 42. (D) 43. (D) 44. (B) 45. (A) 46. (A) 47. (B) 48. (C) 49. (A) 50. (B)

51. (C) 52. (A) 53. (D) 54. (C) 55. (B) 56. (A) 57. (B) 58. (A) 59. (C) 60. (D)

61. (B) 62. (C) 63. (B) 64. (B) 65. (A) 66. (B) 67. (A) 68. (C) 69. (C) 70. (A)

71. (C) 72. (C) 73. (B) 74. (B) 75. (B) 76. (D) 77. (D) 78. (C) 79. (A)

Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change MCQs | RRB JE, ALP, NTPC Environment Previous Questions

Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change

1. Greenhouse effect is the process [RAS/RTS (Pre) 1992]

(A) to obtain suitable temperature for plantation

(B) of heating the atmosphere by absorption of infrared radiations by atmospheric

carbon dioxide

(C) by which barren mountains changes into green

(D) in which deep water seems green

2. Where was the climate change conference held in the year 2015? [Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre) 2015]

(A) Paris (B) Quata

(C) Bon (D) Colombo

3. Which of the following United Nation’s climate change conference was held in Paris?

[UP Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]

(A) 25th (B) 23rd

(C) 22nd (D) 21st

4. Climate change is caused by [UPPCS (Pre) 2013]

(A) Greenhouse gases

(B) Depletion of ozone layer

(C) Pollution

(D) All of the above

5. What is ‘Greenhouse effect’?[MPPCS (Pre) 1991, 2006]

(A) Increase in temperature of Earth due to concentration of gases in atmosphere

(B) Acid rain

(C) Black rain

(D) None of the above

6. The concept of Greenhouse Gases was postulated by [UPPCS (Mains) 2011]

(A) C.C. Park

(B) J.N.N. Jeffers

(C) Joseph Fourier

(D) L. Zobler

7. ‘Intended Nationally Determind Contribution’ sometime seen in news refers to [IAS (Pre) 2016]

(A) Promise made by European countries for rehabilitation of refugees from middle East

(B) World action plan to deal with climate change

(C) Equity share holding of member countries in AIIB

(D) World action plan for sustainable development goals

8. ‘Kyoto Protocol’ is related to [MPPCS (Pre) 2014]

(A) Air pollution

(B) Greenhouse gas

(C) Climate change

(D) Water pollution

9. Greenhouse effect is enhanced in the environment due to [UPPCS (Pre) 2015]

(A) Carbon monoxide

(B) Carbon dioxide

(C) Oxygen

(D) None of the above

10. Which one of the following gases is not a greenhouse gas? [UPPCS (Pre) 2016]

(A) CO2 (B) CH4

(C) NO2 (D) O2

11. Which of the following group of gases contribute to the ‘Greenhouse Effect’? [UPPCS (Pre) 2013]

(A) Ammonia and Ozone

(B) Carbon monoxide and Sulphur dioxide

(C) Carbon tetrafluoride and Nitrous oxide

(D) Carbon dioxide and Methane

12. Which set of the following gases is most important for greenhouse effect? [Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2016]

(A) Carbon dioxide, Methane, Chlorine, Nitric oxide

(B) Nitric oxide, Methane, Ethane, Chlorfluoro carbons

(C) Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Water vapour

(D) Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur dioxide, Methane, Water vapour

13. Which one of the following naturally occurring greenhouse

gases causes the highest percentage of Greenhouse effect? [UPPCS (Mains) 2011]

(A) Carbon dioxide

(B) Methane

(C) Ozone

(D) Water vapour

14. Which one of the following is not responsible for global warming? [UPPCS (Mains) 2016]

(A) Methane

(B) Water vapour

(C) Argon

(D) Carbon dioxide

15. Which one of the following statements regarding the Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement

signed with the World Bank in May, 2011 is not correct? [UPPCS (Mains) 2010]

(A) The agreement has been signed between the World Bank and the Government of India

(B) The agreement shall be valid for ten years

(C) The agreement is for securing carbon credits for a project of Himachal Pradesh

(D) As per the agreement, one ton of carbon dioxide will be equivalent to one credit unit

16. Which one of the following gases is both harmful and beneficial to life on Earth?

[UP Lower Sub. (Mains) 2013]

(A) Oxygen

(B) Ozone

(C) Nitrogen

(D) Carbon dioxide

17. Today the largest contributor to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is

[UPPCS (Pre) 2010]

(A) China (B) Japan

(C) Russia (D) USA

18. Which of the following countries is the largest emitter of carbon?

[UP Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]

(A) USA

(B) China

(C) India

(D) European Union

19. Which of the following is known as ‘carbon negative country’ in the world? [UP Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]

(A) Afghanistan (B) Bahrain

(C) Bhutan (D) Nepal

20. Which one among the following substances does not contribute to global warming? [UPPCS (Pre) 2013]

(A) Oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen

(B) Methane

(C) Carbon dioxide

(D) Water vapour

21. Which of the following is not Greenhouse Gas?

[UPPCS (Mains) 2007]

(A) Carbon dioxide

(B) Sulphur dioxide

(C) Methane

(D) All of the above 

22. Which one of the following gas is responsible for global warming?

[Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2006, 2004]

(A) Only Oxygen

(B) Oxygen and Carbon dioxide

(C) Carbon dioxide and Methane

(D) Only methane

23. Which of the following is responsible for global warming?

[Jharkhand PCS (Pre) 2013]

(A) Methane

(B) Carbon dioxide

(C) Water vapour

(D) All of the above

24. Which of the following is not Greenhouse Gas?

[UPPCS (Mains) 2012]

(A) Methane

(B) Nitrous oxide

(C) Chlorofluoro carbons

(D) Hydrogen

25. Which of the following is not Greenhouse Gas? [UPPCS (Pre) 2012

RAS/RTS (Pre) 1993]

(A) Carbon dioxide

(B) Methane

(C) Nitrous oxide

(D) Nitrogen

26. Global warming is caused due to the emmission of [UPPCS (Mains) 2004]

(A) Nitrogen

(B) Carbon dioxide

(C) Carbon mono-oxide

(D) Hydro carbon

27. Apprehension of Global Warming are aggravated by increased concentration,

in the atmosphere of

[UPPCS (Spl)(Mains) 2008

UPPCS (Pre) 2006

UPPCS (Mains) 2004]

(A) Carbon dioxide

(B) Nitrous oxide

(C) Ozone

(D) Sulphur dioxide

28. The ‘Global Warming’ is due to [UP Lower Sub. (Mains) 2013]

(A) Heavy rainfall

(B) Increase in carbon dioxide

(C) Decrease in carbon dioxide

(D) Increase in forestation

29. Which one of the following is the most fragile ecosystem that will be first affected by global warming?

[Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2010]

(A) Arctic and Greenland Ice sheet

(B) Amazon rain forest

(C) Taiga

(D) Indian Monsoon

30. The increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the air is slowly raising the temperature of the atmosphere because it absorbs [IAS (Pre) 2012]

(A) the water vapour of the air and retains its heat

(B) the ultraviolet part of the solar radiation

(C) all the solar radiations

(D) the infrared part of the solar radiation

31. Which human activity is most affected by climate? [West Bengal PSC (Pre) 2019

Jharkhand PCS (Pre) 2013]

(A) Fishing

(B) Mining

(C) Manufacturing

(D) Farming

32. The greenhouse gas liberated by cud-chewing animals is [Telangana PSC (Pre) 2018

Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2005]

(A) Carbon dioxide

(B) Methane

(C) CFC

(D) Nitrous oxide

33. The United Nations Convention on climate change ratified by more than 50 countries became effective

on [UPPCS (Pre) 2012]

(A) 21st March, 1994

(B) 21st May, 1995

(C) 21st June, 1996

(D) 21st June, 1999

34. Which of the following countries does not have global atmosphere watch station to collect data on

world temperature?

[UPPCS (Pre) 2012]

(A) Algeria (B) Brazil

(C) Kenya (D) India

35. Which of the following statement is not true about CDM?

[Andhra Pradesh PSC (Pre) 2016

UP UDA/LDA (Pre) 2001]

(A) It controls Greenhouse emission

(B) It reduces global warming

(C) Kyoto Protocol suggests for assessment of the sustainable development of it

(D) It prohibits developed countries from investing in projects in developing countries

36. In the context of CO2 Emission and Global Warming. What is the name

of a market driven device under the UNFCC that allows developing countries to get funds/incentives

from the developed countries to adopt better technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

[Jammu & Kashmir PSC (Pre) 2017 IAS (Pre) 2009]

(A) Carbon Footprint

(B) Carbon Credit Rating

(C) Clean Development Mechanism

(D) Emission Reduction Norm

37. What is ‘Greenhouse Gas Protocol’? [IAS (Pre) 2016]

(A) It is an international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand

quantify and manage greenhouse gas emissions

(B) It is an initiative of the United Nations to offer financial incentives

to developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adopt eco-friendly

technologies

(C) It is an inter-governmental agreement ratified by all the member countries of the United

Nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to specified levels by the year 2022

(D) It is one of the multilateral REDD + initiatives hosted by the World Bank

38. Which of the following is not true for India to combat the adverse impact of Climate Change?

[UPPCS (Pre) 2017]

(A) Establishment of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

(B) Investment of `100 crores as an initial corpus under National Adaptation Fund

(C) Not attended the 19th Meeting of BASIC at Sun City, South Africa held recently.

(D) All of the above are true

39. Which of the following is not correctly matched? [MPPCS (Pre) 2017

UPPCS (Pre)(Re. Exam) 2015]

(A) First World Climate Conference -1979

(B) First Earth Summit-Agenda-21

(C) Earth Summit Plus 5-1997

(D) Carbon Trading - Montreal Protocol

40. Regarding ‘carbon credits’ which one of the following statements is not correct? [IAS (Pre) 2011]

(A) The carbon credit system was ratified in conjunction with the Kyoto Protocol

(B) Carbon credits are awarded to countries or groups that have reduced greenhouse gases

below their emission quota 

(C) The goal of the carbon credit system is to limit the increase of carbon dioxide emission

(D) Carbon credits are traded at  price fixed from time-totime by the United Nations Environment Programme

Answers

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (D) 5. (A) 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (B) 10. (D)

11. (D) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (C) 15. (A) 16. (D) 17. (A) 18. (B) 19. (C) 20. (A)

21. (B) 22. (C) 23. (D) 24. (D) 25. (D) 26. (B) 27. (A) 28. (B) 29. (A) 30. (D)

31. (D) 32. (B) 33. (A) 34. (D) 35. (D) 36. (C) 37. (A) 38. (C) 39. (D) 40. (D)

National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries MCQs | RRB JE, ALP, NTPC Environment Previous Questions

National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries

1. In which state are the Bharatpur and Ranthambhore National Parks located?

(a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Rajasthan

(c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Gujarat

RRB JE CBT-II 28–08–2019 (morning)

Ans. (b) : Bharatpur and Ranthambhore National Parks

are located in Rajasthan.

2. Where is Chandra Prabha Wild Life

Sanctuary.

(a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Uttar Pradesh

(c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Arunachal Pradesh

RPF Constable 16.02.2019 (Shift - III)

Ans. (b) : Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary is

situated in Chandauli district of Uttar Pradhesh. The

wildlife sanctuary was established in May 1957. Asiatic

lion were introduced at Chandra Prabha in 1958.

3. The famous tigress of Ranthambore National

Park in Rajasthan, who died in August 2016,

was known as ……

(a) Sita (b) Fish

(b) Sundari (d) Jhumru

RRB NTPC Stage Ist 19.01.2017 (Shift-II)

Ans. (b) The famous tigress of Ranthambore National

Park in Rajasthan, who died in August 2016, was

known as fish. It was a Bengali tigress, brought in the

year 2000 at Ranthambore. The mother of 11 children,

the fish tigress, has been awarded the Lifetime

Achievement Award and a postage stamp has also been

issued in her name. It is significant that, a tigress from

Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, T15 who was

popular as 'Collarwali' died on January 15, 2022 due to

old age. She was more than 16 years old. She gave birth

to 29 cubs and earned the title of "Supermom".

4. Marine Gondwana Fossil Park is located in?

(a) Chhattisgarh (b) Rajasthan

(c) Tamil Nadu (d) Gujarat

RRB NTPC 17.01.2017 (Shift-III) Stage Ist

Ans. (a) Marine Gondwana Fossil Park is located in

the state of Chhattisgarh. The park has been

developed with the objective of conserving fossils and

endangered flora and fauna. Marine Gondwana Fossil

park, also called as Lower Permian Marine bed at

Manendragarh has been declared the National

Geological Monument of India by the Geological

Survey of India for their protection, maintenance,

promotion and enhancement of geotourism.

5. Where is Masai Mara National Reserve?

(a) Mali (b) Kenya

(c) Gabon (d) Zambia

RRB NTPC 03.04.2016 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (b) Masai Mara National Reserve is located on

the border of Kenya and Tanzania. The Mara River

flows through its midst in the Masai Mara National

Reserve of Kenya where zebras, deer, chinkara,

elephants, cheetahs etc. animals are found. This place

is famous for African safari. This sanctuary is also

known as the country of lions. The whole sanctuary is

filled with greenery when it rains in Masai Mara.

6. Where is Yellowstone National Park?

(a) France (b) United Kingdom

(c) USA (d) South Africa

RRB Group-D 08-10-2018 (Shift-II)

Ans. (c) Yellowstone National Park is extended in

Wyoming, USA.

7. Which of the following National Park is an

UNESCO world's heritage site?

(a) Periyar national park

(b) Kaziranga national park

(c) Dudhwa national park

(d) Jim corbett national park

RRB NTPC 01.04.2021 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (b) : Among the given national parks, Kaziranga

National park is situated in Assam state of India. It is a

UNESCO world heritage sites of India and known for

great Indian one horned Rhinoceros. It was inscribed on

the world Heritage list in 1985 under natural sites. At

present there are seven natural sites that have been

declared as UNESCO world heritage sites, they are

Great Himalayan National Park, Western Ghats, Nanda

Devi National Park, Sundarbans National Park,

Kaziranga National Park, Keoladeo National park, and

Manas Wildlife sanctuary. Khangchendzonga National

Park (KNP), Sikkim has been inscribed as India's first

"Mixed world Heritage site" on UNESCO World

Heritage list.

8. In which state is the Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary

located?

(a) Kerala (b) Bihar

(c) Karnataka (d) Punjab

RRB NTPC 09.01.2021 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (c) : Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary is located in

Karnataka at a distance of 38 km from Chikmangalur

town. It boasts of a substantially large number of tiger

populations and was declared in 1998 as the 25th

'Project Tiger' of India. Bhadra River passes through

this sanctuary.

9. Where are saltwater crocodiles found?

(a) Daman & Diu archipelago

(b) Karnataka archipelago

(c) Kerala archipelago

(d) Andaman and Nicobar Islands

RRB NTPC 12.03.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (d) : The saltwater crocodile is found in the

eastern states of Odisha, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh

and Tamil Nadu. The largest specimen is found in

Odisha. Saltwater crocodile is also found in Andaman

Nicobar Island. It is notable that, Bhitarkanika Wildlife

Sanctuary of Odisha is famous for saltwater crocodile.

10. Which of the following matches is

INCORRECT?

(a) Jim corbett national park-Tiger

(b) Kaziranga national park-Rhinoceros

(c) Little Rann of Kutch-Wild Ass

(d) Kanha national park-Birds

RRB NTPC 10.02.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (d) :

Name of National Park

& Sanctuary

Major Attraction

Kanha National Park

(Madhya Pradesh)

Tiger

Jim Corbett National Park

(Uttarakhand)

Tiger

Kaziranga National Park

(Assam)

One horned rhinoceros

Little Rann of Kutch

(Gujarat)

Wild Ass (khur)

11. The Similipal Biosphere Reserve that promotes

conservation of biodiversity and alternative

livelihood is located in:

(a) Rajasthan (b) Odisha

(c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Madhya Pradesh

RRB NTPC 09.02.2021 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (b) : Simlipal Biosphere Reserve is situated in the

northern part of Odisha's Mayurbhanj district. It has

been part of UNESCO World Network of Biosphere

since 2009. It was declared as a biosphere reserve by

GOI in 1994.

12. Where is Orang Tiger reserve located in India?

(a) Maharashtra (b) Himachal Pradesh

(c) Assam (d) Telangana

RRB NTPC 10.02.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (c) :Orang National Park is located on the

northern bank of the Brahmaputra River in the

Darrang and Sonitpur districts of Assam, India. It

was established as a sanctuary in 1985 and declared a

National Park on 13 April 1999. It is also known as

the mini Kaziranga National Park (IUCN site). The

park has a rich flora and fauna, including Great

Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros, pygmy hog,

elephants, wild buffalo and tigers.

13. Which of the following National Highway

passing the Kaziranga National Park is

imposing key threat for the wildlife?

(a) NH-37 (b) NH-45

(c) NH-30 (d) NH-50

RRB NTPC 01.02.2021 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (a) : Kajiranga National park is situated in Assam

and is very famous for its one-horned Rhino. The

National Highway 37 which passes through Kajiranga

national park has become very dangerous for the park.

14. Which national park in India has the

maximum number of rhinos?

(a) Kanha National Park

(b) Nagarhole National Park

(c) Kaziranga National Park

(d) Keibul Lamjao National Park

RRB NTPC 28.01.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (c) : Kaziranga National Park of Assam is home to

adult Indian rhinos and also host one of the highest

density of Tigers in India. Kaziranga hosts two thirds of

the world's great one horned rhinoceroses. It is notable

that, there are 3588 one-horned rhino in the world. As

per survey in 2018, Assam's world-famous reserve put

the estimated number at 2413 rhinos.

FAMOUS NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA –

Jim Corbett National Park, Uttrakhand

Ranthambore National Park, Rajasthan

Periyar National Park, Kerala

Gir Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat

Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh

Sundarbans National Park, West Bengal

Bandipur National Park, Karnataka

Tadoba National Park, Maharashtra

Sariska National Park, Rajasthan

Pench National Park, Madhya Pradesh

Eravikulam National Park, Kerala

Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh

Manas National Park, Assam

Hemis National Park, Ladakh

Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh

Panna National Park, Madhya Pradesh

Silent Valley National Park, Kerala

15. Which of the following has been declared as a

Marine National Park by the Government of

India for Marine conservation in 1982?

(a) Gulf of Kutch (b) Bay of Mahim

(c) Gulf of Mannar (d) Gulf of Khambhat

RRB NTPC 22.01.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (a) : Marine National Park situated in Gulf of

Kutch in Jamnagar district of Gujarat is the first

National Park of country lying in marine area. It was

declared as Marine National Park by the Government of

India in 1982 under the provisions of the Wildlife

(Protection) Act, 1972 of India.

16. Government grants 51st Tiger reserve status

for sanctuaries spanning forests of _____.

(a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Madhya Pradesh

(c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Tamil Nadu

RRB NTPC 14.03.2021 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (d) : The Central Government granted for the

creation of a fifth tiger reserve in Tamil Nadu that will

encompass the Meghamalai and Srivilliputhur Grizzled

Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuaries. It will be the 51st Tiger

Sanctuary of India.Now the number of Tiger reserve is

53.

17. Where is the Kanha Tiger Reserve?

(a) Telangana (b) Madhya Pradesh

(c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Maharashtra

RRB NTPC 02.02.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (b) : Kanha Tiger Reserve, also called as Kanha

National Park, is one of the tiger reserves of India and

the largest national park of Madhya Pradesh. The

present-day Kanha National Park area is divided into

two sanctuaries, Hallon and Banjar, of 250 km2 and 300

km2 respectively. Kanha National Park was created on 1

June 1955 and Kanha National Park was declared a

reserve forest in 1879 and revalued as a wildlife

sanctuary in 1933 and in 1973 was made the Kanha

Tiger Reserve.

18. Which of the following National Park is not in

India?

(a) Anshi National Park

(b) Shandur National Park

(c) Dachigam National Park

(d) Balpakram National Park

RRB NTPC 10.01.2021 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (b) :

National Park Location

Shandur National Park Gilgit-Baltistan province,

Pakistan

Anshi National Park Karnataka

Dachigam National Park Jammu & Kashmir

Balpakram National Park Meghalaya

19.________ is the first reserve forest of India.

(a) Jim Corbett National Park

(b) Gir National Park

(c) Satpura National Park

(d) Ranthambore National Park

RRB NTPC 09.01.2021 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (c) : Satpura National Park is the first reserve

forest of India. It is located in the Hoshangabad.

Madhya Pradesh and another name of this is Satpura

Tiger Reserve. It was set up in 1981 and it covers

almost 524 square km. Satpura tiger reserve is a habitat

of 52 species of Mammals.

20. Where is Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary located?

(a) Warangal (b) Chandauli

(c) Seoni (d) Lakhimpur

RRB NTPC 07.01.2021 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (a) : Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the

Warangal region of Telangana. It is spread around

Pakhal Lake. Pakhal Lake is a man-made lake. This

lake was built in 1213 AD by the rulers of the Kakatiya

dynasty. This sanctuary is spread over an area of 260 sq.

km.

21. A place where animals are protected in their

natural habitat is called a:

(a) National park (b) Wildlife Sanctuary

(c) Zoo (d) Biosphere reserve

RRB NTPC 23.07.2021 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (b) : A Wildlife Sanctuary in an area where

animals habitats and their surroundings are protected

from any sort of disturbances. The capturing, killing and

poaching of animals is strictly prohibited in these

regions. India has about 543 wild life sanctuaries that

cover an area of 118918 sq. km in total.

22. The Indian wild ass is found in:

(a) Gujarat (b) Kerala

(c) Odisha (d) Rajasthan

RRB NTPC 07.04.2021 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (a) : The Indian Wild Ass is found in the little

Rann of Kutch, Gujarat. The little Rann of Kutch, which

covers an area of roughly 5000 square km, is primarily

known as the Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary.

23. Where is Mahatma Gandhi Marine National

Park located?

(a) Lakshadweep Islands

(b) Andaman and Nicobar Islands

(c) Chandigarh

(d) Daman and Diu

RRB NTPC 08.04.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (b) : Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park is a

national park of India near Wandoor on the Andaman

Islands. It belongs to the South Andaman administrative

district, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman

and Nicobar Islands. It is situated 29 km away from

Port Blair. Total area of the park is 281.50 Km2.

Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park was established

in the year of 1983. The park is home of birds like

white-bellied Sea eagle, parakeets, Andaman teal,

heron, terns, waders and swifts.

24. The Sundarbans National Park in India is

adjacent to the Sundarbans Reserve Forest in:

(a) Myanmar (b) Bangladesh

(c) Bhutan (d) Tibet

RRB NTPC 08.04.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (b) : The Sundarbans cover 10,000 km2 of land

and water (more than half of it in India, the rest in

Bangladesh) in the Ganges delta. It contains the world's

largest area of mangrove forests. A number of rare or

endangered species live in the park, including tigers,

aquatic mammals, birds and reptiles. The Sundarban

National Park is a national park, tiger reserve, and

biosphere reserve in West Bengal, India. It was declared

a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.It is part of the

Sundarbans on the Ganges Delta, and adjacent to the

Sundarban Reserve Forest in Bangladesh.

25. Where is Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary

located ?

(a) Nagaland (b) Meghalaya

(c) Arunachal Pradesh (d) Assam

RRB NTPC 10.02.2021 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (d) : Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary is located

within the larger Dehing Patkai Elephant Reserve,

which spreads across the coal-and oil rich districts of

Upper Assam (Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts). The

Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary is also known as the

Jeypore Rainforest. Dehing Patkai was declared a

wildlife Sanctuary in 2004. It is significant that,

Dehing is the name of the river that flows through

Jeypore Rainforest and Patkai is the hill at the foot of

which the Sancturary lies.

26. 'Hangul' (Kashmiri reindeer) is found in which

wildlife Sanctuary/National park ?

(a) Dachigam Sanctuary

(b) Kanha National Park

(c) Mudumalai Sanctuary

(d) Dudhwa National Park

RRB NTPC 04.02.2021 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (a) : The Hangul also known as the Kashmiri stag

is found in the Dachigam National Park in Jammu &

Kashmir. Dachigam National Park is located 22 km

from Srinagar. It is notable that Dachigam was initially

established to ensure the supply of clean drinking water

to Srinagar city. The Park has been a protected area

since 1910 and it was declared as a national park in

1981. The park is best known as the home of the

hangul, or Kashmiri stag.

27. Dachigam National Park is located in –

(a) Kerala (b) Jammu Kashmir

(c) Sikkim (d) Uttarakhand

RRB Group-D , 16.10.2018 (Shift-II)

Ans. (b) See the explanation of the above question.

28. In which state is the Mudumalai National Park

located?

(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Gujarat

(c) Maharashtra (d) Andhra Pradesh

RRB NTPC 05.02.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (a) : Mudumalai National Park is situated in Tamil

Nadu. It's also a wildlife sanctuary and a tiger reserve. It

also shares border with Kerala and Karnataka. This

national park is home to serveral endangered species

including Indian Elephants, Bengal Tiger, Gaur and

Indian Leopard.

29. Valmiki National Park is located in :

(a) Uttarakhand (b) Madhya Pradesh

(c) Arunachal Pradesh (d) Bihar

RRB NTPC 30.01.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (d) : Valmiki National Park is a tiger reserve in the

West Champaran district of Bihar, India. It is situated

on the India - Nepal Border on the banks of River

Gandak.

The Park is divided in two sections –

* The Wild Life Sanctuary covering an area of 545 km2.

* The National Park covering an area around 335 km2.

30. Which of the following is situated in Jammu

and Kashmir ?

(a) Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary

(b) Jaldapara National Park

(c) Dachigam National Park

(d) Balpakram National Park

RRB NTPC 30.12.2020 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (c)

National Park/ Wildlife

Sanctuary

Location

Dachigam National Park Jammu & Kashmir

Jaldapara National Park West Bengal

Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary Telangana

Balpakram National Park Meghalaya

31. Jim Corbett National Park is situated in ?

(a) Gujarat (b) Uttarakhand

(c) Karnataka (d) Rajasthan

RRB NTPC 29.12.2020 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (b) : Jim Corbett National Park is in the Ramnagar

district of Uttarakhand state. The first national park in

India, it was established in 1936. The park was the first

to come under the Project Tiger initiative.

32. The Silent Valley National Park is a beautiful

representation of the last remaining rainforest

of

(a) Kerala (b) Manipur

(c) Sikkim (d) Meghalaya

RRB NTPC 23.07.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (a) : The Silent Valley National Park is a beautiful

representation of the last remaining rainforest of Kerala.

It is located in the Nilgiri hills of Palakkad district.The

Silent Valley was declared as National Park in 1984.

33. Where is Rajaji National Park located?

(a) Punjab (b) Uttar Pradesh

(c) Bihar (d) Uttarakhand

RRB NTPC 01.04.2021 (Shift-II) Stage Ist

Ans. (d) : Rajaji National Park is located in the state of

Uttarakhand. It is spread over 820 km2 and three

districts of Uttarakhand Haridwar, Dehradun and Pauri

Garhwal. The Park has been named after late Sri C.

Rajagopalachari (also known as Rajaji) a famous

freedom fighter and first and only Indian Governor

General of India.

34. The Nagarhole National Park is located in the

state of:

(a) Karnataka (b) Odisha

(c) Gujarat (d) Kerala

RRB NTPC 23.02.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (a) : Nagarhole National Park is situated in

foothills of Western Ghats and extends to the

Brahmagiri ranges and also extends to Kerala in south.

Mainly, it extends in Kodagu and Mysore district of

Karnataka. It is also known as Rajeev Gandhi National

Park. In 1999, it was announced as 37th Tiger reserve of

India. It is a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.

35. In which state is the Nanda Devi National Park

located ?

(a) Uttarakhand (b) Uttar Pradesh

(c) Bihar (d) Madhya Pradesh

RRB NTPC 03.03.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (a) : Established in 1982, Nanda Devi National

Park or Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is situated

around the peak of Nanda Devi in the state of

Uttarakhand in Northern India. It was declared as

World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. This park

lies at an elevation of more than 3,500 m (11,500 ft)

above mean sea level.

36. Nanda Devi National Park is located in

Chamoli district of the state of ______.

(a) Sikkim (b) Uttarakhand

(c) Jammu Kashmir (d) Himachal Pradesh

RRB Group-D, 22.09.2018 (Shift-II)

Ans. (b) See the explanation of the above question.

37. Which state of India is the Nanda Devi

National Park is situated?

(a) Uttarakhand (b) Arunachal Pradesh

(c) Himachal Pradesh (d) Sikkim

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 17.01.2017 (Shift-I)

Ans. (a) See the explanation of the above question.

38. Which of the following wildlife sanctuaries is

located in Goa?

(a) Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary

(b) Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary

(c) Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary

(d) Interview Island Wildlife Sanctuary

RRB NTPC 09.02.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (b) : The Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary is

located in the town of Mollem. It is the largest of Goa’s

four protected wildlife areas, and contains within it The

Mollem National Park. It contains several important

temples dating to the Kadambas of Goa, and home to

waterfalls, such as Dudhsagar Falls and Tambdi Falls.

39. Which Indian wildlife Sanctuary is the home

for Asiatic Lions?

(a) Gir (b) Sariska

(c) Kanha (d) Bandhavgarh

RRB NTPC 20.01.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (a) : Gir Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Gujarat.

This national Park is a tiger Reserve which is renowned

habitat of Asiatic Lions. In 1965 it was recognised as a

wildlife sanctuary. The entire forest area of the Gir

National Park is dry and deciduous which provides best

habitat for Asian Lions.

40. Where are one-horned rhinoceros is found in

India?

(a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Meghalaya

(c) Bihar (d) Assam

RRB NTPC 04.02.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (d) : The Indian state of Assam is home to the

largest population of greater-one horned rhinos, with

more than 90% in Kaziranga National Park. It was

declared as a National Park in 1974. It has been

declared as a tiger reserve since 2006. It has a total

tiger reserve area of 1,030 sq km with a core area of

430 sq. km. It was declared a UNESCO World

Heritage Site in 1985. It is recognized as an Important

Bird Area by Bird Life International. Kaziranga is

known for its 'big four' species—

Rhino, Elephant, Royal Bengal tiger and Asiatic water

buffalo.

41. The Keoladeo Ghana National Park is situated

in

(a) Maharashtra (b) Rajasthan

(c) Bihar (d) Mizoram

RRB NTPC 16.01.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist

Ans. (b) : Keoladeo Ghana National Park, is situated in

eastern Rajasthan. It is also known as Bharatpur Bird

Sanctuary or Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary. It was

included in World Heritage Site under the World

Heritage Convention in 1985 by UNESCO. Keoladeo

was declared a bird sanctuary in 1971 and later the Bird

Sanctuary was declared as a National Park in 1981.

42. Which sanctuary was formerly known as

Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary?

(a) Samaspur Bird Sanctuary

(b) Mayani Bird Sanctuary

(c) Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary

(d) Keoladeo National Park

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 28.03.2016 (Shift-III)

Ans. (d) See the explanation of the above question.

43. Rare Siberian cranes used to come regularly to

…..... a global heritage site.

(a) Kanha National Park

(b) Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary

(c) Keoladeo National Park

(d) Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 28.04.2016 (Shift-III)

Ans. (c) The Home of Rare Siberian Cranes, formerly

known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, the Keoladeo

National Park lies between two of India's most

historic cities, Agra and Jaipur. This north

Indian park is situated in the country's northwestern

part of Rajasthan.

44. Rajaji National Park is situated in –

(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Uttarakhand

(c) Karnataka (d) Uttar Pradesh

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 27.04.2016 (Shift-II)

Ans. (b) Rajaji National Park is an Indian national

park and tiger reserve that encompasses the Shivaliks,

near the foothills of the Himalayas. The park is spread

over an area of 820 km2 around three districts

of Uttarakhand: Haridwar, Dehradun and Pauri

Garhwal. In 1983, three wildlife sanctuaries in the

area namely, Chilla, Motichur and Rajaji sanctuaries

were merged into one.

45. Kanha National Park is situated in which

state?

(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Madhya Pradesh

(c) Rajasthan (d) Uttarakhand

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 09.04.2016 (Shift-III)

Ans. (b) Kanha Tiger Reserve, also known as Kanha–

Kisli National Park, is the largest national park of

Madhya Pradesh. The present-day Kanha area is

divided into two sanctuaries, Hallon and Banjar, of

250 and 300 km2 respectively. Kanha National Park

was created on 1 June 1955 and was designated as a

tiger reserve in 1973. Today, it encompasses an area

of 940 km2 in the two districts namely

Mandla and Balaghat.

46. Valley of Flowers National Park’ is situated in

which state?

(a) Uttarakhand (b) Himachal Pradesh

(c) Jammu Kashmir (d) Assam

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 12.04.2016 (Shift-III)

Ans. (a) Valley of Flowers National Park is located in

North Chamoli district, Uttarakhand and is known for

its meadows of endemic alpine flowers and the variety

of flora. This richly diverse area is also home to rare

and endangered animals, including the Asiatic black

bear, snow leopard, musk deer, brown bear, red fox

and blue sheep.

47. Valley of Flowers National Park’ is situated in

which state?

(a) Varanasi (b) Uttarakhand

(c) Jammu Kashmir (d) Ooty

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 04.04.2016 (Shift-II)

Ans. (b) See the explanation of the above question.

48. Valley of Flowers National Park is an Indian

Nation Park, located in the Western Himalayas

in the state of .......

(a) Jammu and Kashmir (b) Uttarakhand

(c) Himachal Pradesh (d) Sikkim

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 17.01.2017 (Shift-I)

Ans. (b) See the explanation of the above question.

49. Valley Of Flowers National Park is situated in

the .....…. Himalayas region of India.

(a) Uttarakhand (b) Himachal Pradesh

(c) Sikkim (d) Arunachal Pradseh

RRB Group-D, , 12.11.2018 (Shift-I)

Ans. (a) See the explanation of the above question.

50. In which Indian state the Arabithittu wildlife

animal park located?

(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Kerala

(c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Karnataka

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 18.04.2016 (Shift-III)

Ans. (d) The Arabithittu wildlife animal park is

located in Mysore District at Hunsur Taluk of

Karnataka State. It was declared a wildlife sanctuary

on 30th April 1985. This animal park or sanctuary is

home to leopard, fox, spotted deer, wildpig,

porcupine, hare and common mongoose.

51. Which of the following species is also called

Kashmiri deer?

(a) Hangul (b) Reindeer

(c) Sanghai (d) Cheetal

RRB NTPC Stage-IInd, , 18.01.2017 (Shift-I)

Ans. (a) The Kashmir stag, also called hangul, is a

subspecies of native to India. It is found in dense

riverine forests in the high valleys and mountains of

the Kashmir Valley and northern Chamba district in

Himachal Pradesh.

52. In which of these states are Indian elephants

not found?

(a) Assam (b) Karnataka

(c) Kerala (d) Jharkhand

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 17.01.2017 (Shift-II)

Ans. (*) Elephants are found in all the states of India

except Goa, Rajasthan and Gujarat state.

53. Which place was included as the 49th tiger

reserve area of India in February 2016?

(a) Pakke Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh

(b) Rajaji Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand

(c) Bor Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra

(d) Orang Tiger Reserve, Assam

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 17.01.2017 (Shift-III)

Ans. (d) Orang Tiger Reserve in Assam is the 49th

tiger reserve area in India and Kamlang Tiger

Reserve area in Arunachal Pradesh is the 50th. It is

significant that, Guru Ghasidas National Park and

Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sancturary is the 53rd Tiger

Reserve in India. Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife

Sanctuary (Rajasthan) is the 52nd Tiger Reserve in

India.

54. Dibru Saikhowa, Nameri and Orang National

Park are situated in which of the following

state?

(a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Arunachal Pradesh

(c) Assam (d) Uttarakhand

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 03.04.2016 (Shift-I)

Ans. (c)

National Park/Wildlife

Sanctuary

Location

Dibru-Saikhowa National Park Assam

Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary Andhra Pradesh

Namdapha National Park Arunachal Pradesh

Jim Corbett National Park Uttarakhand

55. Which one of the following sanctuaries has

two-thirds of the number of one-horn

rhinoceros in the world?

(a) Bandipur (b) Manas

(c) Kaziranga (d) Periyar

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 22.04.2016 (Shift-III)

Ans. (c) Kaziranga National Park is a national park

which is located within two districts in the Kaliabor

subdivision of Nagaon district and the Bokakhat

subdivision of Golaghat district of Assam. This

sanctuary, hosts two-thirds of the world's one-horned

rhinoceroses, is a World Heritage Site.

56. Kaziranga National park is situated in-

(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Tamil Nadu

(c) Assam (d) Kerala

RRB J.E., (14.12.2014, Green Paper)

Ans. (c) See the explanation of the above question.

57. Where is Okhla Bird Sanctuary located?

(a) Himachal Pradesh (b) NCR area

(c) Haryana (d) Punjab

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 22.04.2016 (Shift-I)

Ans. (b) Okhla Bird Sanctuary officially known

as Shaheed Chandra Shekhar Azad Sanctuary is a bird

sanctuary at the Okhla barrage over Yamuna River. It

is situated in Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar district,

on Delhi-Uttar Pradesh state border and known as a

heaven for over 300 bird species, especially

waterbirds.

58. Which is the largest Tiger Reserve of India?

(a) Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve

(b) Sundarban Tiger Reserve

(c) Satpura Tiger Reserve

(d) Nagarjuna Sagar- Srisailam tiger Reserve

RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 11.04.2016 (Shift-III)

Ans. (d) Nagarjuna Sagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is

the largest tiger reserve in India . After the

reorganization of the Andhra Pradesh, Nagarjuna

Sagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve lies in both Andhra

Pradesh and Telangana. The reserve spreads over five

districts, Kurnool District, Prakasam District, Guntur

District, Nalgonda District and Mahbubnagar district.

The total area of the tiger reserve is 3721 km2.

59. Recently the Sanghai deer has been seen in the

news of which state as state animal?

(a) Jammu Kashmir (b) Tamil Nadu

(c) Manipur (d) Gujarat

RRB Group-D , 10.12.2018 (Shift-I)

Ans. (c) The Sanghai deer is an endemic and

endangered subspecies of brow-antlered deer found

only in Manipur, India. It is also the state animal of

Manipur. Its common English name is Manipur browantlered

deer or Eld's deer and the scientific name is

Rucervus eldii.

60. Jim Corbett National Park is in-

(a) Arunachal Pradesh (b) Uttar Pradesh

(c) Himachal Pradesh (d) Uttarakhand

RRB Group-D, 26.10.2018 (Shift-II)

Ans. (d) Jim Corbett National Park is the oldest

national park in India and was established in 1936 as

Hailey National Park to protect the endangered

Bengal tiger. It is situated in Nainital district of

Uttarakhand. Corbett National park has the glory of

being honoured as the place where project Tiger was

first launched in 1973.

61. Corbett National Park is –

(a) Bihar (b) Madhya Pradesh

(c) Uttarakhand (d) Himachal Pradesh

RRB Group-D , 22.09.2018 (Shift-II)

Ans. (c) See the explanation of the above question.

62. Chail Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in –

(a) Delhi (b) Uttarakhand

(c) Punjab (d) Himachal Pradesh

RRB Group-D, 30.10.2018 (Shift-III)

Ans. (d)

Wildlife Sanctuary Location

Chail Wildlife Sanctuary Himachal Pradesh

Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary Delhi

Kedarnath Wild Life Sanctuary Uttarakhand

Abohar Wildlife Sanctuary Punjab

63. Gir National Park is situated in –

(a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Chhattisgarh

(c) Gujarat (d) Rajasthan

RRB Group-D, , 30.10.2018 (Shift-III)

Ans. (c) Gir Forest National Park and Wildlife

Sanctuary, also known as Sasan-Gir, is a wildlife

sanctuary and protected forest area in Gujarat. It is

considered one of the most important

reserve natural areas in Asia due to the rare animals

living here, particularly the pure Asiatic Lions

(Panthera leo persica).

64. In which Indian state are the threatened Asian

babbar lions found?

(a) Jammu and Kashmir (b) West Bengal

(c) Karnataka (d) Gujarat

RRB NTPC Stage-IInd, , 18.01.2017 (Shift-III)

Ans. (d) See the explanation of the above question.

65. Which national park is known for its ‘Asian

Lions’?

(a) Corbett National Park

(b) Kanha National Park

(c) Bandipur National Park

(d) Gir National Park

RRB J.E. (14.12.2014, Green Paper)

Ans. (d) See the explanation of the above question.

66. Sanjay Gandhi National Park is situated in –

(a) Delhi (b) Maharashtra

(c) Rajasthan (d) Karnataka

RRB Group-D , 24.10.2018 (Shift-I)

Ans. (b)

National Park Location

Sanjay Gandhi National Park Mumbai, Maharashtra

National Zoological Park Delhi

Ranthambore National Park Rajasthan

Nagarhole National Park Karnataka

67. Vansda National Park is situated in –

(a) Assam (b) Uttarakhand

(c) Gujarat (d) Punjab

RRB Group-D, 16.10.20187 (Shift-II)

Ans. (c)

National Park Location

Vansda National Park Gujarat

Nameri National Park Assam

Gangotri National Park Uttarakhand

Bir Bhadson National Park Punjab

68. Nandankanan Zoological Park is situated in –

(a) Bihar (b) Odisha

(c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Jharkhand

RRB Group-D , 15.11.2018 (Shift-II)

Ans. (b) Nandankanan Zoological Park is a 437-

hectare (1,080-acre) zoo and botanical garden in

Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Established in 1960, it was

opened to the public in 1979 and became the first zoo

in India to join World Association of Zoos and

Aquariums (WAZA) in 2009. It is the first zoo in

India with a white tiger safari.

69. Where is the Ghudkhar Wildlife Sanctuary

Located?

(a) Gujarat (b) Goa

(c) Odisha (d) Maharashtra

RRB Group-D , 05.11.2018 (Shift-I)

Ans. (a)

Wildlife Sanctuary Location

Ghudkhar or Wild Ass Sanctuary Gujarat

Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary Goa

Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary Odisha

Koyna Wildlife Sancturay Maharashtra

70. Clouded Leopard National Park is situated at –

(a) Tripura (b) Himachal Pradesh

(c) Odisha (d) Jammu Kashmir

RRB Group-D , 16.11.2018 (Shift-I)

Ans. (a)

National Park Location

Clouded Leopard National Park Tripura

Great Himalayan National Park Himachal Pradesh

Bhitarkanika National Park Odisha

Hemis National Park Ladakh

71. Simlipal Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in –

(a) Jharkhand (b) Telangana

(c) Bihar (d) Odisha

RRB Group-D, , 01.11.2018 (Shift-II)

Ans. (d) Similipal National Park is a national park and

a tiger reserve in the Mayurbhanj district, Indian state

of Odisha, covering 2,750 km2 (1,060 sq mile). This

park is home to Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, gaur,

and chausingha. This reserved area is part of the

UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves

since 2009.

72. Desert National Park is situated in –

(a) Assam (b) Gujarat

(c) Rajasthan (d) Kerala

RRB Group-D, 02.11.2018 (Shift-II)

Ans. (c) Desert National Park is situated in the

west Indian state of Rajasthan near the district

of Jaisalmer and Badmer. This is one of the largest

national parks, covering an area of 3162 km2.

73. How many national parks are there in

Uttarakhand?

(a) 4 (b) 8

(c) 10 (d) 6

RRB Group-D, , 02.11.2018 (Shift-II)

Ans. (d) There are 6 National Parks, 7 Sanctuaries, 4

Conservation Reserve and 1 Biosphere Reserve in

Uttarakhand.

National Park Establishment

Year

Jim Corbett National Park 1936

Govind National Park 1990

Valley of Flowers National Park 1982

Rajaji National Park 1983

Gangotri National Park 1989

Nanda Devi National Park 1982

74. Where is the Manjira Crocodile Wildlife

Sanctuary located?

(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Odisha

(c) Telangana (d) Kerala

RRB Group-D, 31.10.2018 (Shift-II)

Ans. (c) Manjira Crocodile Wildlife Sanctuary is

located in Medak District of Telangana. It is located

50 km northwest from Hyderabad. The sanctuary

follows the course of river Manjira for 36 km. Today

more than 70 species of birds are spotted here and is

home for the vulnerable species mugger crocodile.

75. Sultanpur National Park is situated in –

(a) Punjab (b) Haryana

(c) Delhi (d) Rajasthan

RRB Group-D, 16.10.2018 (Shift-III)

Ans. (b) Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary is a very popular

national park of India, located in Sultanpur village,

Farukhnagar, Gurugram district in Haryana.

76. Periyar Tiger reserved Area is situated in –

(a) Kerala (b) Assam

(c) Kolkata (d) West Bengal

RRB Group-D, 15.10.2018 (Shift-I)

Ans. (a) Periyar National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary

(PNP) is a reserved area located in the districts of

Idukki and Pathanamthitta in Kerala. It is notable as

an elephant reserve and a tiger reserve.

77. Periyar National Park is situated in –

(a) Karnataka (b) Kerala

(c) Goa (d) Tamil Nadu

RRB Group-D, 16.10.2018 (Shift-III)

Ans. (b) See the explanation of the above question

78. Sundarbans is home of –

(a) Wild Bull (b) Royal Bengal Tiger

(c) Tiger (d) Chital

RRB Group-D, 26.09.2018 (Shift-III)

Ans. (b) Sundarbans: is home to the Royal Bengal

Tiger. Sundarban is so named after one of the

mangrove trees, namely Sundari. The Sundarbans

covers almost ten thousand square kilometer area,

most of which is situated in Bangladesh and the other

in India.

79. How many National Parks are there in Madhya

Pradesh?

(a) 6 (b) 10

(c) 8 (d) 4

RRB Group-D, 02.11.2018 (Shift-I)

Ans. (b) According to Forest Department, Madhya

Pradesh, there are total 10 national park, 25 Wildlife

Sanctuaries and 6 Tiger Reserves in Madhya Pradesh

(till 2018). At present, Madhya Pradesh has the

highest number of national parks i.e. 12, in India. The

Total number of Wildlife Sanctuaries in Madhya

Pradesh is 29. Madhya Pradesh, the land of bio

diversity is one of the most exciting wildlife

destinations in India.

80. Which state of India has the maximum number

of National parks?

(a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Punjab

(c) Tripura (d) Tamil Nadu

RPF Constable 03.02.2019 (Shift - I)

Ans. (a) : See the explanation of the above question.

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