Environment and Ecosystem MCQs | RRB JE, ALP, NTPC Environment Previous Questions
Environment and Ecosystem
1.
Which of the following statements about environmental education is false?
(a) Environmental Education will prepare the
next generation to plan appropriate strategies
for addressing developmental environmental
issues
(b) Environmental education does not advocate a
particular viewpoint or course of actions
(c) Environmental education is essential for the
younger generation only
(d) Environmental Education is evolving to be
education for sustainable and ethical
development both at a local and global level
RRB JE CBT-II 29–08–2019 (evening)
Ans. (c) Regarding Environmental education, statement
in option (c) is wrong because environmental education
is essential for the youth and adults both.
2. Which of the following conceptual spheres of
the environment is having the least storage
capacity for matter?
(a) Lithosphere (b) Hydrosphere
(c) Atmosphere (d) Biosphere
RRB-JE 30.08.2019, Ist Shift
Ans. (c) : The Biosphere, Lithosphere and Hydrosphere
contains a lot of masses as compared to the atmosphere
which contains gases and clouds. Hence Atmosphere is
having the least storage capacity for matter.
3. Which was the largest marine protected area in
the world which was formed in October 2016?
(a) Ireland (b) Italy
(c) Antarctica (d) Scotland
RRB NTPC 17.01.2017 (Shift-I) Stage Ist
Ans. (c) The world's largest marine protected area is
located in Antarctica, which was formed in October
2016. The Ross Sea in Antarctica is the world's largest
marine protected area as it is a home to huge numbers
of krill, a staple food for species including whales and
seals.
4. What is the reason for bio-Magnification?
(a) Ozone (b) Organo-Chloride
(c) Lichen (d) Protein
RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 29.04.2016 (Shift-II)
Ans. (b) Bio magnification stands for Biological
Magnification, which means the increase of contaminated
substances or toxic chemicals that take
place in the food chains. These substances often arise from
intoxicated or contaminated environments. The contaminants include heavy metals
namely mercury
arsenic,
pesticides such as DDT, and polychlorinated
biphenyls
(PCBs) compounds which are then taken up
by
organisms because of the food they consume or
the
intoxication of their environment. The main reason
is Organo-
chloride which is found in DDT Pesticide.
5. To determine the
health of aquatic organisms,
which of the
following declaration is
calculated?
(a)
Dissolved oxygen
(b)
Dissolved fluorine
(c)
Dissolved methane
(d)
Dissolved calcium
RRB NTPC Stage-Ist,
27.04.20167 (Shift-I)
Ans. (a) Water
temperature affects dissolved-oxygen
concentrations
in a river or water body. Dissolved
oxygen in
surface water is used by all forms of aquatic
life;
therefore, this constituent typically is measured to
assess the
health of lakes and streams.
6. Who has coined the
term 'ecology'?
(a)
Charles Darwin (b) Eugenius Warming
(c) Eugene
Odum (d) Ernst Haeckel
RRB NTPC 01.02.2021
(Shift-II) Stage Ist
Ans. (d) : The
term Ecology was first used by Ernst
Haeckel in
1866 in his book 'General morphology and
their
organisms'. He applied the term ecology to the
'relation
of the animal both to its organic as well as its
inorganic
environment.
7. The ten percent
law of energy transfer was
given by:
(a)
Charles Darwin
(b) Thomas
Morgan
(c) Watson
and Crick
(d)
Raymond Lindeman
RRB NTPC 11.03.2021
(Shift-I) Stage Ist
Ans. (d) : The
ten percent law of energy transfer in a
food chain
was given by Raymond Lindeman.
The ten
percent law of energy transfer states that when
the energy
is transferred from one trophic level to
another.
Only ten percent of energy transfers to the next
trophic
level and the ten percent of that energy level
passes to
the next level and as a result there is a
considerable
decrease in the amount of energy till it
reaches
the top most trophic level.
Consider
an example of simplest food chain:
Grass → Deer→ Lion
8. From a structural
point of view, all ecosystems
consist of abiotic
and biotic factors. Which of
the following is abiotic
factor of an ecosystem?
(a)
Atmospheric humidity
(b)
Temperature
(c) Carbon
dioxide
(d) Green
plants
RRB NTPC 15.02.2021 (Shift-II)
Stage Ist
Ans. (d) : Biotic and abiotic factors together make up
ecosystems. Biotic factors are living
things within an
ecosystem; such as plants, animals, and
bacteria, while
abiotic are non-living components; such as
water, soil
atmosphere and temperature. The way these
components interact is critical in an
ecosystem.
9. Name the type of nutrition in which the
organism takes in nutrients in solution form
from dead and decaying matters.
(a) Heterotrophic nutrition
(b) Autotrophic nutrition
(c) Insectivorous nutrition
(d) Saprophytic nutrition
RRB NTPC 01.04.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist
Ans. (d) : In Saprophytic nutrition the living
organisms live and feed on dead and
decaying
organisms called Saprophytes. They break
down the
complex organic matter into simpler
substances that
are taken up by the plants for various
metabolic
activities. Thus, Saprophytes play a
significant role in
the ecosystem. Fungi and a few bacteria are
saprophytes. The Saprophytes secrete
digestive juices
and breakdown the organic matter around
them.
Following are a few examples of
saprophytes:Mucor,
Yeast, Penicillium etc.
10. Which of the following is in the third trophic
level of the food chain?
(a) Producers
(b) Top consumers
(c) Secondary consumers
(d) Primary consumers
RRB NTPC 07.01.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist
Ans. (c) : Food chain is defined as the phenomenon of
transfer of energy through series of
organism by
successive trophic levels.
In food chain there are four chains of
trophic levels. It
includes producers, herbivores (primary
consumers),
carnivores (secondary consumers), predators
(tertiary
consumers).
11. Green plants and certain bacteria manufacture
their own food. Which one of the following
nutrition process do they adopt?
(a) Parasitic Nutrition
(b) Autotrophic Nutrition
(c) Saprotrophic Nutrition
(d) Holozoic Nutrition
RRB NTPC 18.01.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist
Ans. (b) : Autotrophic Nutrition is a process in which
certain organisms prepare their own food.
In this
process, organisms manufacture their food
in presence
of sunlight with the help of inorganic
elements such as
carbon dioxide and water.
12. Which of these is not the biotic factor of the
ecosystem?
(a) Consumer (b) Producer
(c) Decomposer (d) Climate
RRB SSE, (21.12.2014,Set-09, Yellow Paper)
Ans. (d) Among the given options, climate is not a
biotic factor of the ecosystem. An
ecosystem contains-
Biotic Factor-
(a) Producers–Manufacture
their own food. Under it
all green trees and plant comes.
(b) Consumers–They
depend on the producer for
food. They are placed in the following
category-
(i) Primary Consumers–Receive
their food directly
from the producer. They are vegetarians
e.g.
Cow, Goats etc.
(ii) Secondary Consumers–Receive
their food from
primary consumers e.g. Cat eats rat.
(iii) Tertiary consumers–They
get their food from
secondary consumers e.g. Human
(c) Decomposers–They
get their food from dead
body of producer and consumers e.g. Fungi.
Abiotic factors–
(a) Air (b) Water (c) Soil
(d) Mineral (e) Temperature
13. Which of these are nature cleaners?
(a) Producers (b) Consumers
(c) Decomposers (d) Carnivorous
RRB SSE (21.12.2014, Set-07, Yellow Paper)
Ans. (c) A food chain is a series of plants/animals
which are interrelated in the form of
organism being
eaten as food by the other. It consists of
producers,
consumers and decomposers. Plants are
producers.
The herbivores are primary consumers and
carnivores
are secondary consumers. Decomposers are
those
which decompose the waste organic matter
and
release energy back in to the environment.
Hence,
they are also called as nature's cleaner.
They are
present in the apex of the eco-pyramid.
14. Which of the following are not omnivorous?
(a) Rat (b) Ant
(c) Bear (d) Snake
RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 17.01.2017 (Shift-II)
Ans. (d) An omnivorous is an animal that has the
ability to eat and survive on both plants
and animals.
Obtaining energy and nutrients from plants
and
animals, omnivores digest carbohydrates,
protein, fat,
and fiber, and metabolize the nutrients and
energy of
the sources absorbed. For e.g. bears, mice,
ant etc. A
snake is not an omnivorous animal. It is a
carnivorous
animal. A carnivore, meaning "meat
eater", is an
organism that derives its energy and
nutrient
requirements from a diet consisting mainly
or
exclusively of animal tissue, whether
through
predation or scavenging for e.g. Lion, tigers etc.
15. Which of the following is the second trophic
level of the food chain?
(a) Grass (b) Rat
(c) Snake (d) Eagle
RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 26.04.2016 (Shift-II)
Ans. (b) The second trophic level has primary
consumers called heterotrophs. These organisms
have
to consume producers to incorporate their
energy into
their own biomass. They cannot make their
own food
from light or chemicals. The third trophic
level has
secondary consumers, which are heterotrophs
that eat
other consumers e.g., rat, buffalo etc.
16. Which of the following is the suitable food
chain?
(a) Producer, Herbivorous, Carnivorous
(b) Producer, Carnivorous, Herbivorous
(c) Herbivorous, Carnivorous, Producer
(d) Herbivorous, Producer, Carnivorous
RRB SSE (Set-07, 21.12.2014, Yellow Paper)
Ans. (a) Suitable food chain is Producer,
Herbivorous,
Carnivorous. Producers are those who make
their own
food like- trees, plants etc. The primary
consumers
(Herbivorous) are those who depend on
producers
such as cow, buffalo, etc. Secondary
consumers
(Carnivorous) depend upon primary
consumers.
Carnivorous depend on another animals.
17. Who are the primary consumers?
(a) Scavenger (b) Saprophytes
(c) Carnivorous (d) Herbivorous
RRB J.E. (14.12.2014, Yellow Paper)
Ans. (d) Primary consumer - the consumers who
receive the food directly from the producer
is called
Herbivorous e.g., cow, goat etc. Primary
consumers
make up the second trophic level.
18. Dr. Dhrubajyoti Ghosh is related to which of
the following field?
(a) Astronomy (b) Bengali literature
(c) Ecology (d) Politics
RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 19.01.2017 (Shift-III)
Ans. (c) Dr. Dhrubajyoti Ghosh was related to the
field of ecology. Dr Dhrubajyoti Ghosh was
a UN
Global 500 Laureate, Special Advisor on
Agricultural
Ecosystems, part of the Commission on
Ecosystem
Management, and Regional Chair for South
Asia of
the IUCN. He is well known for devoting his
life for
the survival of the East Kolkata Wetlands.
19. Which of the following populations has the
most population in a food chain?
(a) Secondary consumer
(b) Primary consumer
(c) Decomposer
(d) Producer
RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 19.01.2017 (Shift-III)
Ans. (d) Producer has the most population in a food
chain, because without producers consumer
populations would go down. So this proves
that we
have more producers in an ecosystem than
consumers.
20. What is the difference between the primary
consumer and secondary consumer in the food
chain?
(a) Primary consumers eat plants, and other
consumers. Secondary consumers eat plants
and decomposed substances.
(b) Primary consumers eat only plants,
secondary
consumers eat primary consumers.
(c) Primary consumers eat plants and
decomposed substances. Secondary
consumers eat plants and other consumers.
(d) Primary consumers eat other consumers.
Secondary consumers eat only plants.
RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 17.01.2017 (Shift-I)
Ans. (b) Primary consumers are animals that eat
primary producers; they are also called
herbivores
(plant-eaters). Secondary consumers eat primary
consumers. They are carnivores
(meat-eaters) and
omnivores (animals that eat both animals
and plants).
(i) Primary Consumers- Receive their food
directly
from the producer. They are herbivorous
E.g.
Cow, goats etc.
(ii) Secondary Consumers- Receive their
food from
primary consumers. E.g. Cat eats rat.
21. What is the meaning of Ecotone?
(a) Ecotone is where two biomass meet.
(b) It is a region of low survival species.
(c) Area with limited fauna and flora.
(d) Area of high biomass production.
RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 11.04.2016 (Shift-I)
Ans. (a) An Ecotone is a transition area between two
biological communities. It is where two
communities
meet and integrate. It may be narrow or
wide, and it
may be local (the zone between a field and
forest) or
regional (the transition between forest and
grassland
ecosystems).
22. Who defined the concept of ecosystem?
(a) Arthur Tansely (b) Evelyn Hutchison
(c) Raymond Lidman (d) Charles Elton
RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 28.03.2016 (Shift-III)
Ans. (a) The term ecosystem was first used in 1935
in
a publication by British ecologist Arthur
Tansley.
Tansley devised the concept to draw
attention to the
importance of transfers of materials
between
organisms and their environment.
23. Aquarium is a pot in which live fish and
aquatic plants are kept. Which of the following
is correct about Aquarium?
(a) It is a man made ecosystem.
(b) It is a natural ecosystem.
(c) It is not an ecosystem.
(d) It can be called only a species.
RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 22.04.2016 (Shift-II)
Ans. (a) Aquarium is a man made ecosystem.
An aquarium (plural aquariums or aquaria)
is a place
where fish and other animals that live in
water are
kept by humans. There are two type of
ecosystem
such as Natural Ecosystem and Artificial or
Manmade
Ecosystem. The artificial ecosystems do not
possess a self-regulation mechanism and
rely on the
human efforts to sustain themselves.
24. Species of animal are becoming endangered
mostly due to….....?
(a) Habitat destruction (b) Acid rain
(c) Excessive hunting (d) Water scarcity
RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 02.04.2016 (Shift-I)
Ans. (a) Habitat destruction is currently ranked as
the
primary cause of species extinction
worldwide. The
destructive environmental changes include
more
indirect factors like geological processes,
and climate
change, introduction of invasive species,
ecosystem
nutrient depletion, water and noise
pollution and
others.
25. What is the scientific analysis and study of
interactions between organisms and the
environment?
(a) Ecology (b) Microbiology
(c) Entomology (d) Ornithology
RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 02.04.2016 (Shift-I)
Ans. (a) Ecology is the scientific analysis and
study of
interactions between organisms and the
environment.
An ecosystem is a community of living
organisms in
conjunction with the nonliving components
of their
environment, interacting as a system. These
biotic and
abiotic components are linked together
through
nutrient cycles and energy flows.
26. Various parts of plants Vegetation and organic
waste are called -
(a) Fossil fuels (b) Nuclear power
(c) Biomass (d) Solar energy
RRB Group-D 15.11.2018 (Shift-II)
Ans. (c) Biomass refers to the organic material that
is
used for production of energy. This energy
production
process is referred to as Bio energy.
Biomass is primarily
found in the form of living or recently
living plants and
biological wastes from industrial and home
use.
27. Flora and Fauna are mentioned in –
(a) Birds and Animals
(b) Mountains and Rivers
(c) Plants and Animals
(d) Humans and Animals
RRB NTPC Stage-Ist, 17.01.2017 (Shift-II)
Ans. (c) The mention of flora and fauna is related
to
plants and animals. This ecosystem also
includes
biotic and abiotic factors such as all
animal, plants and
microorganisms, soil, water, source climate
etc. All
biotic and abiotic factors in a specific
area reflect a
good relationship between plants and
animals.
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